Question

Explain in brief -the Goldstein experiment which led to the discovery of the proton and Rutherford's experiment which led to the discovery of the atomic nucleus.

Answer 1

• After Dalton's atomic theory that the atom is indivisible.
• It has been found that an atom is further made up of 3 subatomic particles, electron, proton, and neutron.

Explanation of discovery of proton and nucleus

The discovery of proton:

• Goldstein employed a redesigned CRT (cathode ray tube) with a porous cathode in his experiment in 1886.
  He noticed a new form of the beam coming from the anode as it passed through the perforated cathode's holes.
• Anode rays were the name for these rays.
  Conclusion:
• Anode rays, also known as positive rays, are made up of positive charge particles known as protons.
• Electric and magnetic forces influenced positive beams but in the opposite direction of cathode rays.
• With the finding of positive particles, the proton story begins.

Discovery of the nucleus:

The discovery of the atomic nucleus:

Experiment:

• Rutherford conducted an experiment (in 1911) in which he projected alpha particles onto a thin gold foil that was in the path of the rays.
  He observed that the majority of the alpha particles passed straight through to the foil.
• But that some were slightly deflected and some were deflected at considerable angles.
  Conclusion:
• An atom is generally empty on the entire but contains a concentrated effective positive mass inside the centre.
• Which leads the alpha particles to deflect.
  As a result, the search for a central positive region — the atomic nucleus began.