Question

Explain Mendel's Laws of inheritance.

Answer 1

Following are Mendel's Laws of Inheritance:
Law of Dominance: When a pair of contrasting characters is crossed then only one of the characters is expressed in $F_1$ generation. This is called law of dominance. For example, when a homozygous tall plant (TT) is crossed with a homozygous short plant (tt), then all the plants of $F_1$ generation are tall (Tt) because tallness is the dominant character.
Law of Segregation: This is also known as law of purity of gametes. As per this law, during the gametogenesis of heterozygous plant, each gene of a pair of allele goes to different gametes. Because of segregation of genes of a pair of alleles, it is called the law of segregation.
For example, when a homozygous tall plant (TT) is crosses with a homozygous short plant (tt), all the plants of $F_1$ generation are tall plants (Tt) but heterozygous. But during the combination of genes in $F_1$ generation, one gene does not pollute another gene and each gene maintains its purity. Due to this, when plants of $F_1$ generation are allowed to produce the next generation, the recessive character, i.e. shortness expresses itself.
Law of Independent Assortment: When plants with two or more than two characters are crossed then expression of one character does not affect the expression of another character. Genes from a pair of alleles segregate and are free to combine with any other gene from any other pair of alleles. This is called law of independent assortment.