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Question

Explain Schottky defect and Frenkel defect.


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Solution

Frenkel Defect:-

  • A Frenkel defect is another form of a point defect that is created when an atom or a cation leaves its original place in the lattice structure to create a vacancy while occupying another interstitial position within the solid crystal.
  • This defect is also known as dislocation defect and this also clearly represents both the vacancy and self-interstitial defects.

  • From this figure we can see that the cation has left its own lattice site vacant and it has moved to a new place that is between the cations and anions.

Schottky Defect:-

  • This type of defect is formed in the ionic crystals when the oppositely charged ions leave their lattice sites which leads to the creation of the vacancies.
  • To maintain a neutral charge in the crystal these vacancies are further created. The figure below further explains that the surrounding atoms also move to occupy these vacancies.
  • Normally, when the defect is found in the non-ionic crystals it is referred to as lattice vacancy defect.
  • This type of defect can be identified when equal numbers of cations and anions are missing from the lattice.
  • It is very much important that an equal number of cations and anions are missing, otherwise, the electrical neutrality of the crystal will not be balanced and thus will get affected.


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