Explain the difference in properties of diamond and graphite on the basis of their structures.

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Solution

Diamond

Graphite

It has a crystalline lattice.

It has a layered structure.

In diamond, each carbon atom is sp³ hybridised and is bonded to four other carbon atoms through a σ bond.

In graphite, each carbon atom is sp² hybridised and is bonded to three other carbon atoms through a σ bond. The fourth electron forms a π bond.

It is made up of tetrahedral units.

It has a planar geometry.

The C–C bond length in diamond is 154 pm.

The C–C bond length in graphite is 141.5 pm.

It has a rigid covalent bond network which is difficult to break.

It is quite soft and its layers can be separated easily.

It acts as an electrical insulator.

It is a good conductor of electricity.

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Similar questions

Differentiate between graphite and diamond on the basis of their physical properties.

Explain the difference between Diamond and graphite.

(a) Write two points of difference in the structures of diamond and graphite.
(b) Explain why graphite can be used as a lubricant but diamond cannot.
(c) Explain why diamond can be used in rock drilling equipment but graphite cannot.
(d) State one use of diamond which depends on its 'extraordinary brilliance' and one use of graphite which depends on its being 'black and quite soft'.

Q. Compare the structures of Diamond and Graphite.

Q. Which property is common in diamond and graphite ?

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Diamond	Graphite
It has a crystalline lattice.	It has a layered structure.
In diamond, each carbon atom is sp³ hybridised and is bonded to four other carbon atoms through a σ bond.	In graphite, each carbon atom is sp² hybridised and is bonded to three other carbon atoms through a σ bond. The fourth electron forms a π bond.
It is made up of tetrahedral units.	It has a planar geometry.
The C–C bond length in diamond is 154 pm.	The C–C bond length in graphite is 141.5 pm.
It has a rigid covalent bond network which is difficult to break.	It is quite soft and its layers can be separated easily.
It acts as an electrical insulator.	It is a good conductor of electricity.