Question

Explain the Distribution of Electrons in different shells of following atoms

1. Lithium
2. Nitrogen
3. Neon
4. Magnesium
5. Silicon

Answer 1

In order to Determine the Distribution of Electrons in Different Shells of Following atoms we Require Atomic number of the atom

As, Atomic number = Number of Total Electrons

1. Also, Distribution of electrons in different orbits or shells is governed by the Scheme known as Bohr Bury Scheme.
2. According to this Scheme - The maximum number of electrons that can be present in any shell is given by the formula $2{\mathrm{n}}^2$, where n is the number of energy levels
3. Hence, for First shell (Known as K shell) n =1 , For Second Shell (Known as L Shell) n = 2, For Third Shell (Known as M Shell) n = 3, and so on.
4. Since, in case of Third shell, the maximum number of electron that can be accommodated may be 18, but it can take maximum of 8 electrons only. This is because 8 Electrons in the outermost shell makes the atom very stable.
5. This is known as Octet Configuration
6. This remains true for further shells also.

Hence, The maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in the outermost shell is 8

1. For Lithium,
   Atomic number (Z) = 3
   The Distribution of electrons in different shells is as follows -
   In the First orbit or K-Shell : 2 Electrons
   In the Second orbit or L-Shell : 1 Electron
   
2. For Nitrogen,
   Atomic number (Z) = 7
   The Distribution of electrons in different shells is as follows -
   In the First orbit or K-Shell : 2 Electrons
   In the Second orbit or L-Shell : 5 Electrons
   
3. For Neon,
   Atomic number (Z) = 10
   The Distribution of electrons in different shells is as follows -
   In the First orbit or K-Shell : 2 Electrons
   In the Second orbit or L-Shell : 8 Electrons
   
4. For Magnesium,
   Atomic number (Z) = 12
   The Distribution of electrons in different shells is as follows -
   In the First orbit or K-Shell : 2 Electrons
   In the Second orbit or L-Shell : 8 Electrons
   In the Third orbit or M-Shell : 2 Electrons
   
5. For Silicon,
   Atomic number (Z) = 14
   The Distribution of electrons in different shells is as follows -
   In the First orbit or K-Shell : 2 Electrons
   In the Second orbit or L-Shell : 8 Electrons
   In the Third orbit or M-Shell : 4 Electrons