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Question

Explain the following: [3 MARKS]
(a) Role of insulin in maintaining blood sugar level.
(b) Acceleration of body growth during puberty.
(c) Regulation of secondary sexual characters by the pituitary gland.

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Solution

Each Part: 1 Mark

(a) Insulin is a hormone secreted by the β cells of islets of Langerhans. It plays an important role in maintaining blood sugar level. It converts excess glucose into glycogen which is stored in the liver cells. In this way, it controls the level of excess glucose (sugar) in the blood.

(b) The growth of body is regulated by the somatotrophic or growth hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. At puberty, the gonads become functional and produce sex hormones, which stimulate the development of secondary sexual characters. Hence, the body growth gets accelerated during puberty.

(c) The luteinizing hormone/interstitial cell-stimulating hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of pituitary stimulates the formation of sex hormones during puberty. These sex hormones (testosterone in males and oestrogen, progesterone in females) regulate the development of secondary sexual characters. Hence, the development of secondary sexual characters is indirectly regulated by the pituitary gland.

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