Explain the following: [3 MARKS]
(a) Role of insulin in maintaining blood sugar level.
(b) Acceleration of body growth during puberty.
(c) Regulation of secondary sexual characters by the pituitary gland.

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Solution

Each Part: 1 Mark

(a) Insulin is a hormone secreted by the $β$ cells of islets of Langerhans. It plays an important role in maintaining blood sugar level. It converts excess glucose into glycogen which is stored in the liver cells. In this way, it controls the level of excess glucose (sugar) in the blood.

(b) The growth of body is regulated by the somatotrophic or growth hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. At puberty, the gonads become functional and produce sex hormones, which stimulate the development of secondary sexual characters. Hence, the body growth gets accelerated during puberty.

(c) The luteinizing hormone/interstitial cell-stimulating hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of pituitary stimulates the formation of sex hormones during puberty. These sex hormones (testosterone in males and oestrogen, progesterone in females) regulate the development of secondary sexual characters. Hence, the development of secondary sexual characters is indirectly regulated by the pituitary gland.

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Question 14
Choose the incorrect statement about insulin

(a) It is produced from pancreas
(b) It regulates growth and development of the body
(c) It regulates blood sugar level
(d) Insufficient secretion of insulin will cause diabetes

Q. Identify blanks a, b and c.
(i) a - Oestrogen - Maintenance of secondary sexual characters
(ii)

α

- cells of islets of Langerhans - b - Raises blood sugar level
(iii) Anterior pituitary - c - Oversecretion leads to gigantism

Q. Given below is an incomplete table on hormones, their source glands and one major effect of each on human body. Identify the option representing the correct replacements for the incomplete blocks

\begin{matrix} G l a n d & S e c r e t i o n & E f f e c t o n b o d y A & O e s t r o g e n & M a i n t e n a n c e o f s e c o n d a r y s e x u a l c h a r a c t e r s A l p h a c e l l s o f I s l e t s & B & R a i s e s b l o o d s u g a r l e v e l o f L a n g e r h a n s A n t e r i o r p i t u i t a r y & C & O v e r s e c r e t i o n l e a d s t o g i g a n t i s m \end{matrix}

Rearrange the following and match them with their correct descriptions:

1. REESSNETOTOT
2. IROTEG
3. UNISILN
4. TAPYRITIU

Description

(i) This gland secretes the growth hormone in the body
(ii) This hormone helps in regulating the blood sugar levels
(iii) Iodine deficiency leads to this condition
(iv) Hormone secreted in males at puberty

Given below is an incomplete table on certain hormones, their source glands and one major effect of each on the body in humans. Identify the correct option for the three blanks A, B and C.
$\begin{matrix} G l a n d s & S e c r e t i o n & E f f e c t o n B o d y A & O e s t r o g e n & M a i n t e n a n c e o f s e c o n d a r y s e x u a l c h a r a c t e r s A l p h a c e l l s o f I s l e t s o f L a n g e r h a n s & B & R a i s e s b l o o d s u g a r l e v e l A n t e r i o r p i t u i t a r y & C & O v e r s e c r e t i o n l e a d s t o g i g a n t i s m V i s u a l p i g m e n t & I o d o p s i n & R h o d o p s i n \end{matrix}$

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Explain the following: [3 MARKS] (a) Role of insulin in maintaining blood sugar level. (b) Acceleration of body growth during puberty. (c) Regulation of secondary sexual characters by the pituitary gland.

Explain the following: [3 MARKS]
(a) Role of insulin in maintaining blood sugar level.
(b) Acceleration of body growth during puberty.
(c) Regulation of secondary sexual characters by the pituitary gland.