Explain the following observations giving an appropriate reason for each.
(i) The enthalpies of atomization of transition elements are quite high.
(ii) There occurs much more frequent metal-metal bonding in compounds of heavy transition metals (i.e. 3rd series).
(iii) $M n^{2 +}$ is much more resistant than $F e^{2 +}$ towards oxidation.

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Solution

(i) Transition elements have high effective nuclear charge and a large number of valance electrons. Therefore, they form very strong metallic bonds. As a result, the enthalphy of atomisation of transition metals is high.
(ii) There occurs much more frequent metal-metal bonding in compounds of heavy transition metals (i.e) $3^{r d}$ series), It is due to presence of unpaired electrons in the $(n - 1) d$ shell have tendency to make strong metallic bond by covalent nature of bonds.
(iii) ${H n}^{2 +}$ has stable half filled electronic configuration,
$∴ {M n}^{2 +}$ compounds are more stable than ${F e}^{2 +}$ .
${M n}^{2 +} - [N e] {3 S}^{2} {3 P}^{6} {4 S}^{0} {3 d}^{5}$
${F e}^{2 +} - [N e] {3 S}^{2} {3 P}^{6} {4 S}^{0} {3 d}^{6}$

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M n^{2 +}

F e^{2 +}

Explain giving reasons :
Transition metals and many of their compounds show paramagnetic behaviour.

The enthalpies of atomisation of the transition metals are high.

The transition metals generally form coloured compounds.

Transition metals and their many compounds act as good catalyst.

K_{2} M n O_{4}

M n O_{2}

{N a}_{2} {C r}_{2} O_{7}

{N a}_{2} C r O_{4}

{M n}^{2 +}

{F e}^{2 +}

+ 3

Z n

3 d

Explain giving reasons:

(i) Transition metals and many of their compounds show paramagnetic

behaviour.

(ii) The enthalpies of atomisation of the transition metals are high.

(iii) The transition metals generally form coloured compounds.

(iv) Transition metals and their many compounds act as good catalyst.

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