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Question
Explain the following with an example.
(i) Kolbes reaction.
(ii) Reimer-Tiemann reaction.
(iii) Williamson ether synthesis.
(iv) Unsymmetrical ether.
(i) Kolbes reaction.
(ii) Reimer-Tiemann reaction.
(iii) Williamson ether synthesis.
(iv) Unsymmetrical ether.
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Solution
(i) Kolbes reaction.
It is a decarboxylative dimerisation of two carboxylic acids (or carboxylate ions) to form carbon carbon bond of alkane.
2RCOO−−2e−−−−−→−2CO2R−R
(ii) Reimer-Tiemann reaction.
It involves the ortho-formylation of phenols. Phenol is converted to salicylaldehyde.
C6H5−OHCHCl3−−−−→3KOHo−HO−C6H4−CHO
(iii) Williamson ether synthesis.
Sodium alkoxide reacts with alkyl halide to form an ether.
C2H5ONa+C2H5Cl→C2H5−O−C2H5+NaCl
(iv) Unsymmetrical ether.
Two different alkyl groups are attached to O atom. The general formula is R−O−R′. An example is ethyl methyl ether CH3−CH2−O−CH3.
It is a decarboxylative dimerisation of two carboxylic acids (or carboxylate ions) to form carbon carbon bond of alkane.
2RCOO−−2e−−−−−→−2CO2R−R
(ii) Reimer-Tiemann reaction.
It involves the ortho-formylation of phenols. Phenol is converted to salicylaldehyde.
C6H5−OHCHCl3−−−−→3KOHo−HO−C6H4−CHO
(iii) Williamson ether synthesis.
Sodium alkoxide reacts with alkyl halide to form an ether.
C2H5ONa+C2H5Cl→C2H5−O−C2H5+NaCl
(iv) Unsymmetrical ether.
Two different alkyl groups are attached to O atom. The general formula is R−O−R′. An example is ethyl methyl ether CH3−CH2−O−CH3.
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