Explain the important aspects of resonance with reference to the $C O_{3}^{2 -}$ ion.

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Solution

The pi bond electrons are delocalised to transfer from one to another to make different structure. According to experimental findings, all carbon to oxygen bonds in $C O_{3}^{2 -}$ are equivalent.

Hence, it is inadequate to represent $C O_{3}^{2 -}$ ion by a single Lewis structure having two single bonds and one double bond.

Therefore, carbonate ion is described as a resonance hybrid of the following structures:

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