Explain the kinetic theory of matter.
Explain the kinetic theory of matter.
Kinetic theory of matter explains the different states of matter based upon the arrangement of atoms in different ways.
Postulates of kinetic theory:
- Matter is made up of atoms or molecules.
Molecules combine to form matter. Molecules are microscopic in size of the order of
10-8 to 10-10 m.
2. In a gas, molecules are always in continuous random motion.
While moving, molecules do not follow a discrete path but a zig-zag path.
3. Due to random motion, the molecules of a fluid (gas or liquid) possess kinetic energy which is a direct measure of the temperature of that substance.
On absorbing heat, kinetic energy increases, and molecules move faster. On losing heat, kinetic energy decreases, and molecules move slower.
4. The molecules of matter always exert an attractive force on each other which is known as intermolecular force.
Force of cohesion: The force of attraction acting between the same kinds of molecules.
Force of Adhesion: The force of attraction acting between different kinds of molecules.
5. The intermolecular force of attraction is inversely proportional to the intermolecular distance.
More is the intermolecular forces of attraction, shorter will be intermolecular distance and vice-versa.
Kinetic theory of matter explains the different states of matter based upon the arrangement of atoms in different ways.
Postulates of kinetic theory:
- Matter is made up of atoms or molecules.
Molecules combine to form matter. Molecules are microscopic in size of the order of
10-8 to 10-10 m.
2. In a gas, molecules are always in continuous random motion.
While moving, molecules do not follow a discrete path but a zig-zag path.
3. Due to random motion, the molecules of a fluid (gas or liquid) possess kinetic energy which is a direct measure of the temperature of that substance.
On absorbing heat, kinetic energy increases, and molecules move faster. On losing heat, kinetic energy decreases, and molecules move slower.
4. The molecules of matter always exert an attractive force on each other which is known as intermolecular force.
Force of cohesion: The force of attraction acting between the same kinds of molecules.
Force of Adhesion: The force of attraction acting between different kinds of molecules.
5. The intermolecular force of attraction is inversely proportional to the intermolecular distance.
More is the intermolecular forces of attraction, shorter will be intermolecular distance and vice-versa.
