Question

Explain the philosophy of Karl Marx.
Or
Explain the ways through which Nazi state wanted to establish a total control over its people.

Answer 1

Philosophy of Karl Marx.
(i) Materialism: Karl Marx believed in the Idea of Materialism which believes in the material conditions of the world and is contrary to Idealism.
(ii) Exploitation: He believed that the real danger of Capitalism was that it exploited workers by paying them less.
(iii) Alienation: He believed that workers were alienated in several ways. He highlighted four elements from which the workers is alienated: the products, the act of producing, himself and others.
(iv) Revolution: He believed that eventually workers would unite and overthrow the Capitalist ruling class and bring about a revolution.
Marx was especially impressed by Hegel's theory that a thing or thought could not be separated from its opposite. He used this philosophy to develop his own known as dialectical materialism. His eminent works are Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts.
Or
The ways through which Nazi state seek to establish a total control over its people are:
(i) To capture legal authority, Hitler used the Reichstag fire to further his aim. He blamed the communists for sabotage, and took the opportunity to clamp down on them. Hitler armed himself with emergency powers and used the fire decree to his advantage. He suspended civic rights like Freedom of Speech, Press and Assembly. He jailed, exiled or murdered key communist leaders.
(ii) The decree of 1933 suspended Civic rights.
(iii) Communists were packed off to concentration camps.
(iv) Enabling Act was passed, enabling Hitler to sideline Parliament and rule by decree.
(v) All parties and trade unions except Nazi party and its affiliates were banned.
(vi) The state established complete control over economy,media, army and judiciary.
(vii) Gestapo, S.S., Criminal Police and S.D. were set up. People could be detained in Gestapo torture chambers, sent to concentration camps and deported at will.
(viii)The police forces acquired powers to rule with impunity.