Explain the process of obtaining crystalline silicon with chemical equation.

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Solution

Crystalline silicon can be obtained by the following methods:
(1) A finely powdered sand or quartz is heated with carbon in an electric furnace in presence of small amount of iron to prevent formation of SiC.
(2) Potassium siliconfluoride is heated with aluminium or zinc in an iron crucible.
$3 K_{2} S i F_{6} + 4 A l \to K F + 4 A l F_{3} + 3 S i$
$K_{2} S i F_{6} + 2 Z n \to 2 K F + 2 Z n F_{2} + S i$
(3) By passing a current of silicon tetrachloride over molten aluminium.
$3 S i C l_{4} + 4 A l \to 3 S i + 4 A l C l_{3}$

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