Question

Explain the refraction at a spherical surface using a schematic diagram.

Answer 1

Let the object is kept at $O$. Also two transparent media with refractive indices being ${\mu }_1$ and ${\mu }_2$ are seperated by a spherical surface, lightincident on the surface gets refracted into the medium on the other side. Let us consider the surface $APB$, $P$ be the pole and $C$ be the center of curvature. Let us draw two rays emerging from this object one along the normal to the spherical surface and one ray is incident at $D$. The ray going normally will pass through the lens without any deviation as it is along the normal drawn at point P to the spherical surface. Let the other ray is incident at point $D$ on the mirror surface and makes an angle i with the normal drawn at $D$ and it refract with angle of refraction being $r$. The two rays after refraction meet at point $I$ where image would be formed.

Also we can write $\frac{sini}{sinr}=\frac{{\mu }_2}{{\mu }_1}$