Question

Explain the relation between current and drift velocity.

Answer 1

Relation between Current and Drift Velocity:

1. The electrons move with an average velocity that is independent of time, although electrons are accelerated.
2. This is because an electron will suffer collisions with heavy fixed ions, but after the collision, it will emerge with the same speed but in random directions.
3. This average velocity of electrons is called the drift velocity $v_d$.

The relation between current and drift velocity is,

$I=neA{v}_d$

where, $n$ is the number of free electrons per unit volume,

$e$ is the charge of an electron,

$A$ is the planar area located inside the conductor.