Question

Explain the social conditions of Europe in the Mid 18th century under the following heading
a) Aristocracy
b) peasantry
c) middle classes

Answer 1

Dear Student,

In the mid-18th century, Europe was undergoing a transformation from feudalism towards a more democratic social and political system.

a. The position of the aristocracy was not as strong as before. The aristocracy had been severely weakened in France and other parts of Western Europe after the French Revolution. In Eastern Europe, however, the aristocracy still retained most of its political and social privileges.

b. Peasantry. With the end of feudalism, the peasantry was liberated in many parts of western Europe. Their tax burdens were reduced and their economic condition improved.

c. Middle classes: With the onset of industrialisation and modernization, a middle class was emerging in Europe. It consisted of members of various professions like doctors, teachers and technical workers in industries. Their social and political position was also improving.