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Explain the substitution reaction


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Solution

Substitution reaction - A Substitution reaction is a chemical reaction in which an atom or group of atoms in a molecule are replaced or substituted by another atom or group of atoms.

A substitution reaction is also known as a single substitution reaction or replacement reaction.

The general format of Substitution reaction

-R-LG+XR-X+LGR🡪Alkylgroup,LG🡪LeavinggroupX-Attackinggp.canbeNucleophileandElectrophile

Substitution reactions are of two types.

  1. Nucleophilic Substitution reactionNSR
  2. Electrophilic Substitution reactionsESR

Nucleophilic Substitution reactionNSR- This type of substitution reaction occurs when an atom or group of atoms in a molecule are replaced or substituted by a Nucleophile.

For Example - CH3Br+OH-CH3OH+Br-Br-Leavinggp,OH--Nucleophile

Electrophilic Substitution reactionsESR- This type of substitution reaction occurs when an atom or group of atoms in a molecule are replaced or substituted by an Electrophile.

For Example -

Electrophilic Substitution - Chemistry LibreTexts



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