(a) Ores: The minerals from which the metals can be extracted economically and conveniently. Examples: Haematite, magnetite, etc.
(b) Gangue: Matrix or gangue are the earthly impurities that are typically mixed with minerals of metals. Examples:- sand, mud, soil, limestone, etc.
(c) Metallurgy: The process of extraction of the metals in pure form from their ores.