Explain the various stages of mitosis with reference to how chromosomes change their pattern from prophase to the end of the telophase.
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Solution
Mitosis:
Mitosis is the part of the cell cycle that allows the division of a parent cell into two daughter cells. The mitotic (M) phase, which includes both karyokinesis and cytokinesis, is usually the shortest part of the cell cycle.
Stages of karyokinesis:
Prophase:
It is the first stage of karyokinesis of the mitotic division.
The beginning of the prophase is indicated by the appearance of the chromosomes as thin threads inside the nucleus.
Metaphase:
This stage is marked by the appearance of the mitotic apparatus, which comprises the spindle and the asters that surround the centrioles.
Chromosomes are highly condensed and aligned at the centre and form a metaphase plate.
Anaphase:
The dissociation of the kinetochores during anaphase disrupts the force equilibrium that characterizes metaphase.
The sister chromatids are moved apart and towards the poles. This procedure occurs in all of the chromosomes at the same time.
Telophase:
In telophase, the process resembles prophase in some aspects, but in the opposite direction, the chromosomes begin to unwrap and become quite less condensed.
