Dear student
Principle- It is based on fleming -left hand rule. When a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field it experiences a mechanical force whose direction is given by fleming- left hand rule and magnitude is given by,
F= BIL
where, B= magnetic field
I= current
L= length of coil
Working- In a basic DC motor, an armature is placed in between magnetic poles. If the armature winding is supplied by an external DC source, current starts flowing through the armature conductors. As the conductors are carrying current inside a magnetic field, they will experience a force which tends to rotate the armature.
Regards