Explain, Why
(i) volume of a gas is always equal to the volume of container in which it is held?
(li) gases can be liquefied?

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Solution

(i) There is a negligible force of attraction between the particles (gas molecules). Particles are free to move in the entire space available to them, their movement is restricted only by the walls of the container. Thus, they attain the shape of the container and the volume of a gas is always equal to the volume of the container in which it is held.
(ii) On cooling, the kinetic energy of a molecule of a gas is reduced and on applying pressure on a cooled gas, the molecule comes closer. Hence the inter-molecular space gets reduced and there is an increase in the number of molecules per unit volume. Thus, the gas liquefies.

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The essential conditions for liquefaction of gases were discovered by Andrews in