Question

Explain with an example for each, how the following provides evidences in favour of evolution in organisms :
(a) Homologous organs
(b) Analogous organs
(c) Fossils

Answer 1

(a) Homologous organs : Study of homologous organs suggests that the organs having same structures but performing different functions have evolved from a common ancestor. e.g., Forelimbs of a frog, lizard, birds and man.
(b) Analogous organs : It shows adoption of organs for common use. e.g., Wings of butterfly and wings of bat.
(c) Fossils—Provides the missing links between two species. It provide the evidence that present animals and plants have originated from previously existed ones through the process of continous evolution. e.g., Archaeopteryx