Explain with the help of a diagram, why a pencil partly immersed in water appears to be bent at the water surface.

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Solution

Refractive of water is more than the air, so the speed of the light decreases when it travels from the air into the water. That's why when light rays travel into the water, they bend towards the normal. Hence, the part of the pencil dipped inside water appears to be bent at the water surface, as shown in the above figure.

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