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Question
Failure of insulin production results in
Failure of insulin production results in
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Solution
The correct option is D Diabetes mellitus
Addison’s disease is caused by the presence of ineffective ACTH and is characterized by bronzing of skin, disturbed glucose metabolism, loss of sodium and water and finally lower blood pressure. Excessive ACTH secretion by anterior pituitary results in hyperproduction of adrenal cortex hormones causing Cushing’s disease. It is characterized by deposition of subcutaneous fat, stimulated muscle protein metabolism and leading to diabetes mellitus, stimulated reabsorption of water and sodium making the blood pH basic and causing hypertension also. ADH targets nephrons in the kidney to increase water reabsorption and thereby decreasing water content in urine. The inability of the neurohypophysial system to produce ADH causes excess urine production with resultant ion loss from the blood. This condition is known as diabetes insipidus (watery urine). Insulin is secreted by islets of Langerhans of the pancreas and serves to lower the blood glucose level by stimulating the uptake of glucose by cells, specifically muscle cells, liver cells and adipose tissues cells. No or undersecretion of insulin causes diabetes mellitus type I which is characterized by acidic pH, increased fat metabolism and formation of ketone bodies. Thus, the correct answer is D.
Addison’s disease is caused by the presence of ineffective ACTH and is characterized by bronzing of skin, disturbed glucose metabolism, loss of sodium and water and finally lower blood pressure. Excessive ACTH secretion by anterior pituitary results in hyperproduction of adrenal cortex hormones causing Cushing’s disease. It is characterized by deposition of subcutaneous fat, stimulated muscle protein metabolism and leading to diabetes mellitus, stimulated reabsorption of water and sodium making the blood pH basic and causing hypertension also. ADH targets nephrons in the kidney to increase water reabsorption and thereby decreasing water content in urine. The inability of the neurohypophysial system to produce ADH causes excess urine production with resultant ion loss from the blood. This condition is known as diabetes insipidus (watery urine). Insulin is secreted by islets of Langerhans of the pancreas and serves to lower the blood glucose level by stimulating the uptake of glucose by cells, specifically muscle cells, liver cells and adipose tissues cells. No or undersecretion of insulin causes diabetes mellitus type I which is characterized by acidic pH, increased fat metabolism and formation of ketone bodies. Thus, the correct answer is D.
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