Fermentation
There are two types of fermentation alcoholic and lactic acid fermentation. Single-celled eukaryotes such as yeast and Rhizopus fungus undergo Alcoholic fermentation.
Whereas prokaryotes such as lactic acid bacteria undergo lactic acid fermentation pathway.
Anaerobic respiration in germinating seeds
Oxygen is found in the pores of soil particles and seeds can utilise it for their respiration.
But in some cases, the seeds are buried too deep with insufficient oxygen so carry out anaerobic respiration.
Fermentation in germinating seeds helps in removing germination-inhibiting substances on seed coat.
Final answer
(D) All of the above