Figure (31-Q3) shows two capacitors connected in series and joined to a battery. The graph shows the variation in potential as one moves from left to right on the branch containing the capacitors.
(a) C₁ > C₂
(b) C₁ = C₂
(c) C₁ < C₂
(d) The information is not sufficient to decide the relation between C₁ and C₂.

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Solution

(c) C₁ < C₂

Region AB shows the potential difference across capacitor C₁ and region CD shows the potential difference across capacitor C₂. Now, we can see from the graph that region AB is greater than region CD. Therefore, the potential difference across capacitor C₁ is greater than that across capacitor C₂.
∵ Capacitance, C = $\frac{Q}{V}$
∴ C₁ < C₂ (Q remains the same in series connection.)

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