The correct option is C that my phone was switched off
A noun clause is a dependent clause that functions as a noun. It usually
begins with what, whatever, whom, that and other such relative
pronouns. A noun clause can act as a subject, object, predicate
nominative or object of a preposition, in a sentence.
Option C is
correct as it is a that-clause that functions as the object of the verb "realized". The noun clause has a subject "my phone"
and a verb "was switched off".
Option A is incorrect because it is not a noun clause, it is a phrase.
Option B is incorrect because it is an adverb clause of time; it does not function as a noun.
Option D is incorrect because the answer lies in C.