Fill in the blanks in the following so that the four numbers are in proportion :
(a) 20, 18, 40, ______.

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Solution

STEP 1 : Finding the missing number
Let the missing number be $x$
Since 20, 18, 40, $x$ are in proportion therefore,
Product of extreme terms = $20 \times x$
Product of middle terms = $18 \times 40 = 720$
Product of extreme terms = Product of middle terms
$\Rightarrow 20 x = 720$
$\Rightarrow x = \frac{720}{20} = 36$
Hence, the missing number is 36.

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