Question

Question 1
Fill in the gaps in the following table illustrating differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
$\begin{array}{cccc}& \text{Prokaryotic cell}& & \text{Eukaryotic cell}\\ & & & \\ 1.& \text{Size: generally small}(1-10\mu m)1\mu m={10}^{-6}m& 1.& \text{Size: generally large}(5-100\mu m)\\ 2.& \text{Nuclear region}:\underset{–}{}\text{and is known as}\underset{–}{}& 2.& \text{Nuclear region: well-defined and surrounded by a nuclear membrane}\\ 3.& \text{Chromosome:single}& 3.& \text{More than one chromosome}\\ 4.& \text{Membrane-bound cell organelles are absent}& 4.& \underset{–}{}\end{array}$

Answer 1

Definitions:

1. The term “prokaryote” is derived from the Greek word “pro“, (meaning: before) and “karyon” (meaning: kernel/nucleus), therefore, translates to “before nuclei.“
2. The term “Eukaryotes” is derived from the Greek word “eu“, (meaning: good) and “karyon” (meaning: kernel/nucleus), therefore, translating to “good or true nuclei.”

Differences:

Points of comparison	Prokaryotic cell	Eukaryotic cell
Cells size	Cells are very small (1-10$\mu$ m). Example- bacteria, mycoplasma, etc.	Comparatively larger cell size (5-100$\mu$ m). Example, plant cell, fungal cells, animal cells, protista, etc.
Nucleus	Nuclear membrane is absent. Genetic material is present in an unorganised area in the cell called nucleoid.	Genetic material is present inside well defined nucleus with nuclear membrane and nucleolus.
Organelle membrane	Membrane bound cell organelles are absent.	Membrane bound cell organelles are parents like mitochondria, chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, etc.
Genetic material	Single double stranded circular DNA (single chromosome) is present.	Many chromosomes are present inside the nucleus.
Ribosomes	70 S type of ribosomes are found.	80 S type of ribosomes are found.

Final answer:
$\begin{array}{cccc}& \text{Prokaryotic cell}& & \text{Eukaryotic cell}\\ & & & \\ 1.& \text{Size: generally small}(1-10\mu m)1\mu m={10}^{-6}m& 1.& \text{Size: generally large}(5-100\mu m)\\ 2.& \text{Nuclear region: Poorly defined because of the absence of a nuclear membrane, and is known as nucleoid}& 2.& \text{Nuclear region: well-defined and surrounded by a nuclear membrane}\\ 3.& \text{Chromosome: single}& 3.& \text{More than one chromosome}\\ 4.& \text{Membrane-bound cell organelles are absent}& 4.& \text{Membrane-bound cell organelles such as mitochondria, plastids, etc., are present.}\end{array}$