The correct option is D
(a) and (b) above.
There are 18 squares in this figure, of which 6 are shaded. So 18 - 6 = 12 are unshaded.
So, fraction representing the unshaded portion = 1218
But we know that 12 = 2 × 6 and also 18 = 3 × 6.
Which means we can divide both numerator and denominator by 6 to get an equivalent fraction.
1218 = 23