Change the subject of the equation into y will help you find the integral solutions.
So 3x + 4y + 24 = 0 can be changed to
4y = -3x - 24
Since the coefficient of the term x is, x needs to be divisible by 4 in order to get the integral solutions.
So some of the solutions can be (-8, 0), (-4, -3) (4, -9), (8, -12)
To pass through the origin, x and y have to be zero. But (0,0) is not one of the solutions.
You can also find that when x = 0, y = -6 and when y = 0, x = -8.
So this equation does not pass through origin.