For a narrow PNP BJT, the excess minority carrier concentration
(ΔnE for emitter ,
ΔpB for base ,
ΔnC for collector) normalized to equilibrium minority carrier concentration
(nE0 for emitter,
pB0 for base ,
nC0 for collector ) in the quasi-neutral emitter, base and collector regions are shown below. Which one of the following biasing modes is the transistor operating in?