For solids with elastic modulus of rigidity, the shearing force is proportional to shear strain, while for fluids it is proportional to rate of shear strain why?

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Fill in the blanks using the word(s) from the list appended with each statement:

(a) Surface tension of liquids generally . . . with temperatures (increases / decreases)

(b) Viscosity of gases. .. with temperature, whereas viscosity of liquids . . . with temperature (increases / decreases)

(c) For solids with elastic modulus of rigidity, the shearing force is proportional to . . . , while for fluids it is proportional to . .. (shear strain / rate of shear strain)

(d) For a fluid in a steady flow, the increase in flow speed at a constriction follows (conservation of mass / Bernoulli’s principle)

(e) For the model of a plane in a wind tunnel, turbulence occurs at a ... speed for turbulence for an actual plane (greater / smaller)

Q. Fill in the blanks using the word(s) from the list appended with each statement.
(a) Surface tension of liquids generally ....... with temperatures. (increases / decreases)
(b) Viscosity of gases ........ with temperature, whereas viscosity of liquids ....... with temperature (increases / decreases)
(c) For solids with elastic modulus of rigidity, the shearing force is proportional to ....... , while for fluids it is proportional to ....... (shear strain / rate of shear strain)
(d) For a fluid in a steady flow, the increase in flow speed at a constriction follows (conservation of mass / Bernoullis principle)
(e) For the model of a plane in a wind tunnel, turbulence occurs at a ....... speed for turbulence for an actual plane (greater / smaller)

Q. Fill in the blanks using the word(s) from the list appended with each statement: (a) Surface tension of liquids generally . . . with temperatures (increases / decreases) (b) Viscosity of gases . . . with temperature, whereas viscosity of liquids . . . with temperature (increases / decreases) (c) For solids with elastic modulus of rigidity, the shearing force is proportional to . . . , while for fluids it is proportional to . .. (shear strain / rate of shear strain) (d) For a fluid in a steady flow, the increase in flow speed at a constriction follows (conservation of mass / Bernoulli’s principle) (e) For the model of a plane in a wind tunnel, turbulence occurs at a ... speed for turbulence for an actual plane (greater / smaller)

Q. Consider the following statements.
1. Modulus of rigidity or shear modulus of elasticity (G) is defined as the ratio of tangential stress to the shearing strain within the elastic limit.
2. The SI unit of modulus of rigidity is

N m^{-}

or pascal.
3. Modulus of rigidity is involved with solids only.
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?

Q. Elasticity: The atoms in solids are held together by interatomic forces.The average locations of the atoms in a lattice do not change with time.Since the atoms are almost lacking in mobility, their kinetic energy is negligibly small. It is this lack of mobility which makes a solid rigid. This rigidity is the cause of elasticity in solids. In some solids such as steel, the atoms are bound together by larger inter-atomic forces than in solids such as aluminum. Thus, the elastic behavior varies from solid to solid. Even fluids exhibit elasticity. All material bodies get deformed when subjected to a suitable force. The ability of a body to regain its original shape and size is called elasticity. The deforming force per unit area is called stress. The change in the dimension (length, shape or volume) divided by the original dimension is called strain. The three kinds of stress are tensile stress, shearing stress, and volumetric stress. The corresponding strains are called tensile strain, shearing strain and volume strain. According to Hooke's law, within the elastic limit, stress is proportional to strain. The ratio stress/strain is called the modulus of elasticity.
The figure shows the strain-stress graphs for materials A and B. From the graph it follows that:

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