Question

For the circuit shown in the figure, determine the current $l$in the circuit and the potential difference across the terminals of the battery?

Answer 1

Step 1:

Given data:

For the circuit shown in the figure:

From the diagram,

$E=4V$

$R=5\Omega$

$r=3\Omega$

Step 2:

Formula used:

$I=\frac{E}{R+r}$,where $I$ is the current, $E$ is emf , $R$ is resistance and $r$ is internal resistance.

$V=E-Ir$ ,where $V$ is voltage or potential

Step 3:

Calculation of $I$

$$\begin{gathered} I=\frac{E}{R+r} \\ =\frac{4}{5+3} \\ =\frac{4}{8} \\ =\frac{1}{2} \\ =0.5A \end{gathered}$$

Step 4:

Calculate potential difference

$$\begin{gathered} V=E-Ir \\ V=4-0.5\left(3\right) \\ =4-1.5 \\ V=2.5V \end{gathered}$$

The potential difference across the terminals of the battery is $2.5V$.