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Chlorination

For the given...

Question

For the given reaction :
$C H_{4} + C l_{2} h ν ⟶ C H_{3} C l + H C l$
To obtain high yields of $C H_{3} C l$ , the ratio of $C H_{4}$ to $C l_{2}$ must be:

High

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Low

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Equal

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Does not depend on the ratio.

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Solution

The correct option is A High
In order to maximize the amount of monohalogenated product obtained, a radical substitution should be carried out in presence of excess of alkane.
The presence of excess alkane in the reaction mixture ensures that there is a greater probability of the halogen radical colliding with a molecule of alkane than with a molecule of alkyl halide.
This is true even towards the end of the reaction , by which time a considerable amount of alkyl halide will have formed.
If the halogen radical abstracts a hydrogen from a molecule of alkyl halide rather than from a molecule of alkane , a dihalogenated product will be obtained.
$∙ C l + C H_{3} C l ⟶ ∙ C H_{2} C l + H C l ∙ C H_{2} C l + C l_{2} ⟶ C H_{2} C l_{2} + ∙ C l$

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C H_{4} + C l_{2} h ν ⟶ C H_{3} C l + H C l

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A . C l_{2} \to 2 C l^{*}

B . C l^{*} + C H_{4} \to H C l +^{*} C H_{3}

C . ˙ C H_{3} + C l_{2} \to C H_{3} C l + C l^{*}

D . C l_{2} \to 2 C l^{*}

E . C l^{*} + C H_{4} \to C H_{3} C l + H^{*}

F . H^{*} + C l_{2} \to H C l + C l^{*}

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