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Question
Four plants A, B, C, D are observed. A has cartilaginous endocarp in the fruit and fleshy thalamus as chief edible part. B has caryopsis fruit with endosperm as the chief edible part. In C, each carpel of apocarpous gynoecium develops into a fruitlet and its mesocarp and endocarp are the chief edible parts. D has syconus fruit with edible fleshy peduncle. To which families A, B, C and D belong respectively?
Four plants A, B, C, D are observed. A has cartilaginous endocarp in the fruit and fleshy thalamus as chief edible part. B has caryopsis fruit with endosperm as the chief edible part. In C, each carpel of apocarpous gynoecium develops into a fruitlet and its mesocarp and endocarp are the chief edible parts. D has syconus fruit with edible fleshy peduncle. To which families A, B, C and D belong respectively?
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Solution
The correct option is C Rosaceae, Poaceae, Annonaceae, Moraceae
In Rosaceae family, e.g., apple, pear, etc., the fruit remain surrounded by fleshy thalamus. The fleshy thalamus makes the edible part, whereas the actual fruit lies within it. The outer portion of the pericarp (i.e., epicarp and mesocarp) is fleshy and fused with the thick edible portion (thalamus). The inner layer of pericarp (i.e., endocarp) is cartilaginous and forms the core surrounding the seeds. Caryopsis is a very small, dry, one-chambered and one-seeded fruit which develops from a superior monocarpellary ovary. Here the pericarp remains fused with the seed coat. The well known examples are found in Poaceae (Gramineae) family, e.g., maize, wheat, barley, millets, etc. The characteristic example of Annonaceae type is found in Rubus (raspberry). It develops from superior, polycarpellary and apocarpous gynoecium. The carpels are borne on a conical thalamus. Here a number of small drupelets develop from separate carpels of a flower and they are grouped together on a fleshy thalamus. Syconus type of composite fruit under family moraceae develops from a hollow, pear-shaped, fleshy receptacle which encloses numerous minute male and female flowers. The receptacle develops further and converts into the so-called edible fleshy fruit. It really encloses a number of true fruits or achenes which develop from the female flowers of the hypanthodium inflorescence, e.g., fig, banyan and many species of Ficus.
In Rosaceae family, e.g., apple, pear, etc., the fruit remain surrounded by fleshy thalamus. The fleshy thalamus makes the edible part, whereas the actual fruit lies within it. The outer portion of the pericarp (i.e., epicarp and mesocarp) is fleshy and fused with the thick edible portion (thalamus). The inner layer of pericarp (i.e., endocarp) is cartilaginous and forms the core surrounding the seeds. Caryopsis is a very small, dry, one-chambered and one-seeded fruit which develops from a superior monocarpellary ovary. Here the pericarp remains fused with the seed coat. The well known examples are found in Poaceae (Gramineae) family, e.g., maize, wheat, barley, millets, etc. The characteristic example of Annonaceae type is found in Rubus (raspberry). It develops from superior, polycarpellary and apocarpous gynoecium. The carpels are borne on a conical thalamus. Here a number of small drupelets develop from separate carpels of a flower and they are grouped together on a fleshy thalamus. Syconus type of composite fruit under family moraceae develops from a hollow, pear-shaped, fleshy receptacle which encloses numerous minute male and female flowers. The receptacle develops further and converts into the so-called edible fleshy fruit. It really encloses a number of true fruits or achenes which develop from the female flowers of the hypanthodium inflorescence, e.g., fig, banyan and many species of Ficus.
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