Four species A, B, C, D have the following subatomic particles :
Species A B C D
Electron configuration
K L
2, 8
K L
2, 8
K L
2,?
K L M
2, 8, 8
Protons 8 12 8 18
Neutron 8 12 6 22
Answer the following questions :
(i) Is A an atom or ion. Give its formula.
(ii) Identify B as an atom, anion, or cation.
(iii) Give a complete electron distribution diagram of C.
(iv) Can A and B form a compound? If so, give the formula.
(v) Write the isobar of D along with its name.

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Solution

(i) Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter.
A is an ion.
The number of electrons and protons is equal in the case of the atom.
A has 10 electrons and 8 protons.
The number of electrons and protons is not equal in the case of A.
Therefore, It is not an atom.
An O2-(Oxygen) ion has 10 electrons and 8 protons.
So, the formula of A ion is O2-.
(ii) Identify B as an atom, anion, or cation.
B has 10 electrons and 12 protons.
It does not have an equal number of electrons and protons.
Therefore it is not an atom. It is an ion.
Cation: It is formed by the loss of electrons.
It has 2 electrons less. So, It is a cation.
(iii) Give a complete electron distribution diagram of C.
It has 8 protons and 6 neutrons.
The Sum of proton and neutron is equal to a mass number of elements.
So, the Mass number of a given element is 14
An atom has an equal number of electrons and protons.
So atom C has 8 electrons
Given K shell has 2 electrons, therefore, L shell will have 6 electrons.
(iv) Can A and B form a compound.
Yes, they can form compounds.
Because A is formed by gaining 2 electrons which it can get from B.
And B wants to lose 2 electrons which it will lose to A.
This will result in the formation of the compound.
(v)The isobar of D:
Isobars are those elements that have a different atomic number but the same mass number.
The Sum of proton and neutron is equal to a mass number of elements.
So, the Mass number of a given element is 40.
Examples of isobar having mass numbers 40 are ⁴⁰S, ⁴⁰Cl, ⁴⁰Ar, ⁴⁰K, and ⁴⁰Ca.

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Species	A	B	C	D
Electron configuration	K L 2, 8	K L 2, 8	K L 2,?	K L M 2, 8, 8
Protons	8	12	8	18
Neutron	8	12	6	22