Question

Fragmentation, leaching and catabolism are some of the important steps of decomposition. Study the following statements [(i), (ii) and (iii) regarding these and select the correct option.
(i) Detritivores(e.g., earthworm) breakdown detritus into smaller particles.
(ii) Water soluble inorganic nutrients go down into soil horizon and get precipitated as unavailable salts.
(iii) Decomposes(e.g., bacteria and fungi) secrete digestive enzymes and degrade detritus into simpler inorganic substances.

• A. Leaching-(i), Fragmentation- (ii), Catabolism-(iii)
• B. Leaching-(ii), Fragmentation-(ii), Catabolism-(i)
• C. Leaching-(ii), Fragmentation-(i), Catabolism-(iii)
• D. Leaching-(ii), Fragmentation-(iii), Catabolism-(i)

Answer 1

Answer: (C)

Leaching-(ii), Fragmentation-(i), Catabolism-(iii)

The process of decomposition can be categorized as fragmentation of detritus, leaching, and catabolism.

Fragmentation of detritus is the process that causes breakdown of detritus into smaller particles. It is primarily due to the action of detritus feeding invertebrates(detritivores, e.g., termites, earthworms, etc.,) The detritus gets pulverized when passing through the digestive tracts of animals. Due to fragmentation, the surface area of detritus particles is greatly increased.

The extracellular enzymes released by bacteria and fungi carry out catabolism, i.e., enzymatic conversion of the decomposing detritus to simpler and inorganic substances.

Leaching is the process by which dissolved nutrients are moved into lower layers of soil or groundwater to form unavailable salts.

So, the correct answer is 'Leaching-(ii), Fragmentation-(i), Catabolism-(iii)'.