Question

How can we explain Galileo's experiment?

Answer 1

There are some fundamental experiments of Galileo in physical science given below:

Experiment of a free-falling body (Pisa tower experiment):

1. Galileo observed that a heavy object and a light object will fall to the ground simultaneously from a particular height.
2. All bodies of any mass will fall down simultaneously at the same time from a particular height. That is the acceleration of all free-falling bodies are same. We know that acceleration is the ratio of force and mass.
3. The force exerted on a bigger body is greater than the smaller ones in the same force field. This implies acceleration remains constant in the case of all free-falling bodies.

The experiment of inertia:

1. The property for which a body restrains the force applied to it is called inertia. This is observed by Galileo.
2. He noticed that moving a heavy body is very hard than moving a light body.
3. No force is exerted on a moving body of constant velocity. We know that force is the product of mass and acceleration. i.e $F=Ma$ and the acceleration is the time rate of change to velocity.
4. If velocity remains constant, then acceleration will be zero. i.e, the force exerted on a body moving with constant speed is zero.

The experiment of simple harmonic motion:

1. The time period of simple oscillation of a pendulum is constantly in motion.
2. The time period of a simple pendulum in simple harmonic motion is constant in time and it depends only on the mass of the pendulum and the string's length.
3. This concept helped newton in the formation of his famous law of motion.

The motion of a body on an inclined plane:

1. When the force is exerted on a body, then it changes its velocity.
2. If a body rolls down on an inclined plane then its velocity will increase due to the effect of the earth's gravitational force exerted on the body.
3. This implies that when the force is exerted on a body its velocity will be increase or decrease.