'GDP as an index of welfare may understate or overstate welfare'. Explain the statement using examples of a positive and a negative externality.
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Solution
GDP doesn't account for externalities.
Externalities are basically: Positive Externality: Example: Saving commuting time due to construction of a fly-over, increases welfare, GDP as an index understates welfare. Negative Externality: Example: Pollution from factories, decreases welfare, GDP overstates welfare.