Genes of interest can be selected from a genomic library by using
Southern blots can be used to analyze an organism's total DNA, also known as its genome, in order to identify a specific sequence of interest.
In a Southern blot - DNA mixture is prepared using restriction enzyme. The mixture of DNA fragments is then separated according to size by way of a technique called gel electrophoresis. Following separation, the double-stranded pieces of DNA are denatured, or separated, into single strands within the gel. Next, the DNA is transferred from the gel onto a blotting membrane.
Once the transfer is complete, the membrane carries all of the bands originally on the gel. The membrane is then treated with a small piece of DNA probe, which has been designed to have a sequence that is complementary to a particular DNA sequence in the sample; this allows the probe to hybridize, or bind, to a specific DNA fragment on the membrane. In addition, the probe has a label, which is typically a radioactive atom or a fluorescent dye. Thus, following hybridization, the probe permits the DNA fragment of interest to be detected from among the many different DNA fragments on the membrane.