Question

Genes regulate growth and differentiation through

• A. Translation
• B. Transcription and translation
• C. Transformation
• D. Transduction and translation

Answer 1

The correct option is B Transcription and translation

Transcription
Transcription refers to the process of copying information from a strand of DNA to RNA.
Translation
Translation refers to the process of translating information from mRNA to the polypeptide.
Transduction
The process of transferring a piece of DNA of an organism using a viral vector into a cell is called transduction.
Transformation
The change in the genetic constitution of an organism due to uptake of the DNA from the external environment is referred to as the transformation.
Regulation of growth and differentiation
During transcription, RNA is synthesised from the template DNA. The mRNA produced during transcription undergoes translation to produce polypeptides.
The polypeptides have various functions. For example, they work as enzymes, hormones etc. These interact with other proteins in the cell to signal them to grow and further differentiate.
In this way, transcription followed by translation of genes regulates the growth and differentiation.
Final answer
(A) Transcription and translation