Question

Give a short note on kingdom Monera.

Answer 1

Kingdom Monera:

The kingdom Monera consists of unicellular, prokaryotic, microscopic, and the most ancient organisms.

Characteristics:

1. These organisms do not have a defined nucleus or organelles.
2. These organisms do not show multi-cellular body designs.
3. They show diversity based on many other characteristics such as having cell walls, mode of nutrition etc.
4. The mode of nutrition of organisms can be either autotrophic by synthesizing their own food or heterotrophic by getting it from the environment.
5. It includes bacteria, blue-green algae or cyanobacteria, and mycoplasma. They are important decomposers of the living kingdom.

The kingdom Monera is divided into two kingdoms namely:

1. Archaebacteria
2. Eubacteria

1. Archaebacteria:

1. Archaebacteria are autotrophic organisms that derive energy from the oxidation of chemicals for their metabolic activities. Though these are autotrophs, only a few photosynthesize.
2. The chemicals include ammonia (NH₃), hydrogen sulphide (H₂S) or methane (CH₄).
3. Based on their environmental habitat, archaebacteria can be classified into three groups namely: Methanogens, Thermoacidophiles, and Halophiles.

2. Eubacteria:

1. These bacteria possess an outer cell wall that surrounds the plasma membrane.
2. The plasma membrane surrounds the cytoplasm with ribosomes. These bacteria do not possess membrane-bounded organelles such as mitochondria, chloroplasts, etc.