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Synthesis of Ethers

Give any thre...

Question

Give any three methods of preparation diethyl ether.

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Solution

Methods of preparing diethyl ether:
(i) Williamson's Synthesis:
Heating alkyl halides with sodium or potassium alkoxide given diethyl ether.
$C_{2} H_{5} B r + N a O C_{2} H_{5} ⟶ C_{2} H_{5} - O - C_{2} H_{5} + N a B r$
(ii) Intermolecular dehydration of alcohol:
When excess of alcohol is heated with conc. $H_{2} {S O}_{4}$
or $H_{3} {P O}_{4}$ , two molecules condense losing a molecule of water forming ether.
$C_{2} H_{5} - O H + H - O - C_{2} H_{5} 413 K - ------- \to c o n c . {3 H}_{2} {S O}_{4} C_{2} H_{5} - O - C_{2} H_{5}$
(iii) From alkyl halides:
When excess of alcohol is heated with conc. $H_{2} {S O}_{4}$ or $H_{3} {P O}_{4}$ , two molecules condense losing a molecule of water forming ether.
$C_{2} H_{5} - I + {A g}_{2} O + I {- C}_{2} H_{5} Δ - \to C_{2} H_{5} - O - C_{2} H_{5} + 2 A g I$

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