Question

Give examples of single gene disorders, chromosomal disorders, and multifactorial disorders.

Answer 1

Gene Disorders:

1. Genetic disorders arise when a mutation breaks your DNA or when you don't have enough genetic material.
2. Genes are made up of DNA.
3. Genetic disorders are due to alterations or abnormalities in the genome of an organism.
4. A genetic disorder may be caused by a mutation in a single gene or multiple genes
5. They carry instructions for cell activity as well as the characteristics that make you unique.
6. Examples of gene disorders are Sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, albinism, and cystic fibrosis.

Chromosomal disorders:

1. Any condition induced by an aberrant chromosome number or constitution, marked by deformities or malfunctions in the biological or behavioural aspect of an organism.
2. Due to certain irregularities at the time of cell division, alteration in the structure or number of chromosomes may happen.
3. Even the slightest alteration can lead to various abnormalities.
4. Each human cell contains 46 (2n) chromosomes present as 23 pairs (n pairs), out of which 22 are autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes.
5. Chromosomal disorders result from structural changes or numerical changes in chromosomes.
6. Examples of chromosomal disorders are turner syndrome and down syndrome.
7. In down's syndrome there is a Trisomy of 21st chromosome.
8. In turner's syndrome there is a monosome of 23rd chromosome, which is the sex chromosome (XO).

Multifactorial disorders:

1. When more than one element creates a characteristic or health concern, such as a birth defect or persistent sickness, it is called multifactorial inheritance.
2. Genes may play a role, but other factors such as the environment may also play a role.
3. These disorders are not confined to single gene inheritance but are dependent on a number of genes at different loci and are rarely treatable.
4. These are also termed polygenic disorders.
5. Examples of multifactorial disorders are asthma, diabetes, and schizophrenia.