Give four examples of heterogeneous catalysis.

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Solution

Examples of heterogeneous catalysis are as shown.
(1) Ammonia is manufactured from hydrogen and nitrogen in Haber's process. Finely divided iron catalyst is used.
$N_{2} (g) + 3 H_{2} (g) F e (s) - -- \to 2 N H_{3} (g)$
Catalyst is in solid phase and the reactants are in gas phase.
(2) During manufacturing methanol from $C O$ and hydrogen, a mixture of copper and zinc oxide is used as a catalyst and $C r_{2} O_{3}$ is used as promoter.
$C O (g) + 2 H_{2} (g) C u, Z n O, C r_{2} O_{3} - -------- \to C H_{3} O H (l)$
(3) In the contact's process for manufacturing $S O_{3}$ from $S O_{2}$ , platinised asbestos or $V_{2} O_{5}$ is used as catalyst.
$2 S O_{2} (g) + O_{2} (g) P t o r V_{2} O_{5} - ----- \to 2 S O_{3} (g)$
(4) Nickel catalyst is used for the dehydrogenation of ethanol.
$C H_{3} C H_{2} O H N i - \to C H_{3} C H O + H_{2}$

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