Give reason for the following:
Concentrated sulphuric acid may be added during esterification of acetic acid.

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Solution

Esterification is a reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol to obtain an ester.this reaction will get reversed or deesterified when the water produced during this reaction with ester to form an acid and an alcohol. And to prevent the reverse reaction sulphuric acid is used. As sulphuric acid is a good dehydrating agent it will absorb the water formed.

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Q. Give appropriate scientific reasons for the following statements:

The electrical conductivity of acetic acid is less in comparison to the electrical conductivity of dilute sulphuric acid at a gievn concentration.

Give reasons for the following :

(a) Sulphuric acid forms two types of salts with NaOH,

(b) Red brown vapours are produced when concentrated sulphuric acid is added to hydrogen bromide,

(d) Brisk effervescence is seen when oil of vitriol is added to sodium carbonate.

Give reasons for the following:
(i) In the contact process, sulphur trioxide formed is dissolved in 98% sulphuric acid and not in water.
(ii) When solution of sulphur dioxide is exposed to air, it gets converted to sulphuric acid.
(iii) When diluting concentrated sulphuric acid, the acid should be added to water and not water to the acid.
(iv) When concentrated sulphuric acid is exposed to air, its volume increases and it becomes slightly dilute.
(v) Sulphuric acid can form two kinds of salts with sodium chloride.
(vi) When barium chloride is added to dilute sulphuric acid, a white precipitate is formed.
(vii) When carbon is heated with concentrated sulphuric acid, carbon dioxide is formed.
(viii) Ammonia gas cannot be dried by passing through concentrated sulphuric acid.
(ix) When concentrated sulphuric acid is added to sugar/glucose, a black mass is left behind.
(x) Concentrated sulphuric acid should not be added to oxalic acid or formic acid in the open laboratory.
(xi) When concentrated sulphuric acid is added to blue crystalline copper sulphate, it turns powdery white.
(xii) Concentrated sulphuric acid must be stored in airtight bottles.
(xiii) Cotton clothes get burnt with concentrated sulphuric acid.
(xiv) H₂SO₄ cannot be prepared by heating sodium sulphate with conc. HCl or HNO₃.

Q. State one relevant observation for each of the following reactions:
Addition of ethyl alcohol to acetic acid in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid.

Q. Give reasons for the following:
In the laboratory preparation of nitric acid, the mixture of concentrated sulphuric acid and sodium nitrate should not be heated very strongly above

200^{\circ} C

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Give reason for the following: Concentrated sulphuric acid may be added during esterification of acetic acid.

Give reason for the following:
Concentrated sulphuric acid may be added during esterification of acetic acid.