a) Every people produce a different tone, pitch and resonance when they talk. Every people of different style of speaking. If we are familiar with the caller's voice our brain matches the caller's voice with already available data and tells us who is the caller.
b) The larynx is our own complex musical instrument. It contains vocal folds, better known as vocal cords, which vibrate to produce our voice, but the type of sound created depends on a number of factors. The amount of air forced out of the lungs controls the volume, so a greater exhale of breath will generate a louder sound, while the pitch is determined by how fast our vocal folds vibrate. A slower vibration will produce a lower note and a faster vibration will produce a higher note. It works in a similar way to the strings on a guitar, with the speed of the vibration influenced by the physical characteristics of the strings.