Give reasons for the following : [4 MARKS]
(a) An aqueous solution of chlorine is acidic in nature.
(b) Silver nitrate solution can be used to distinguish HCl from $H N O_{3}$ .

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Solution

(a) An aqueous solution of chlorine is a mixture of hydrochloric and hypochlorous acids.
$C l_{2} + H_{2} O \to H C I H y d r o c h l o r i c a c i d + H C I O H y p o c h l o r o u s a c i d$
Therefore, it is acidic in nature.

(b) Silver nitrate gives thick white precipitate of silver chloride with HCI.
$A g N O_{3} + H C l \to A g C l + H N O_{3}$
On the other hand, no such precipitates are obtained when $A g N O_{3}$ solution is treated with $H N O_{3}$ . Therefore, silver nitrate solution can be used to distinguish HCI from $H N O_{3}$ .

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