Give reasons for the following:
(a) Acetylation of aniline reduces its activation effect.
(b) $C H_{3} N H_{2}$ is more basic than $C_{6} H_{5} N H_{2}$
(c) Although - $N H_{2}$ is O/P directing group,
yet aniline on nitration gives a significant amount of m - nitroaniline.

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Solution

(a) Acetylation of aniline results in a decrease of electron density on nitrogen so, its activation effect reduces.
(b) In case of aniline the lone pair of $- N H_{2}$ is in conjugation with the benzene ring due to which the electron density is less available on the N-atom. Hence, the electron density on nitrogen atom is higher which leads to higher basicity.
(c) Aromatic amine is highly reactive and it reacts with acidic hydrogen of nitrating agent and from anilinium ion whichgives meta product.

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Give reasons of the following:

Although

- N H_{2}

is o/p directing group, yet aniline on nitration gives a significant amount of m-nitroaniline

Q. Although the amino group is 0- and p-directing in aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions, aniline on nitration gives a substantial amount of nitroaniline.
If this is true enter 1 if false enter 0.

Account for the following:

(i) pK_bof aniline is more than that of methylamine.

(ii) Ethylamine is soluble in water whereas aniline is not.

(iii) Methylamine in water reacts with ferric chloride to precipitate hydrated ferric oxide.

(iv) Although amino group is o, p− directing in aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions, aniline on nitration gives a substantial amount of m-nitroaniline.

(v) Aniline does not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction.

(vi) Diazonium salts of aromatic amines are more stable than those of aliphatic amines.

(vii) Gabriel phthalimide synthesis is preferred for synthesising primary amines.

Give reasons of the following:

Acetylation of aniline reduces its activation effect.

Account for the following

(i) $p K_{b}$ of aniline is more than that of methyl amine.

(ii) Ethylamine is soluble in water whereas aniline is not

(iii) Methyl amine in water reacts with ferric chloride to precipitate hydrated ferric oxide

(iv) Although amino group is o- and p- directing in aromatic electrophilic substitution, aniline on nitration gives a substantial amount of m-nitroaniline

(v) Aniline does not undergo Friedel Crafts reaction

(vi) Diazonium salts of aromatic amines are more stable than those of aliphatic amines

(vii) Gabriel phthalimide synthesis is preferred for synthesising primary amines

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Give reasons for the following: (a) Acetylation of aniline reduces its activation effect. (b) CH3NH2 is more basic than C6H5NH2 (c) Although - NH2 is O/P directing group, yet aniline on nitration gives a significant amount of m - nitroaniline.

Give reasons for the following:
(a) Acetylation of aniline reduces its activation effect.
(b) $C H_{3} N H_{2}$ is more basic than $C_{6} H_{5} N H_{2}$
(c) Although - $N H_{2}$ is O/P directing group,
yet aniline on nitration gives a significant amount of m - nitroaniline.